Mouth cancer is a growing health concern in India. While it has long been linked to tobacco and alcohol use, an increasing number of cases are now being reported among people with no such habits. Factors such as viral infections, poor diet, and chronic irritation may also contribute to the risk.
The major challenge is that mouth cancer symptoms may not show obvious signs in the early stages, which can delay diagnosis.
Being aware of the early warning signs and seeking timely medical advice may help identify potential issues before they progress.
What Is Mouth Cancer?
Mouth cancer, also called oral cancer, occurs when abnormal cells in the mouth begin to multiply uncontrollably, forming a tumour. It may develop in different parts of the mouth, including the lips, tongue, cheeks, gums, the floor or roof of the mouth, tonsils, or salivary glands.
If not identified in time, these cancerous cells may spread to nearby tissues, the throat, or lymph nodes, making management more complex.
Why Early Detection Is Important?
The World Health Organisation (WHO) notes that oral cancer is among the more common cancers in India. Outcomes may be more favourable if it is detected early, but they often worsen as the condition progresses.
Early symptoms may resemble common oral issues such as ulcers, gum infections, or mouth sores. This similarity may cause people to delay seeking medical attention. Regular dental check-ups and awareness of changes in the mouth may help identify problems early and improve treatment response.
Early Warning Signs Of Mouth Cancer
Noticing unusual changes in your mouth, such as persistent sores, lumps, or discomfort, may sometimes indicate an underlying concern. Understanding the mouth cancer symptoms can help you recognise potential signs sooner and seek timely medical evaluation.
1. Persistent Mouth Ulcers
Occasional mouth ulcers are common and usually heal within two weeks. However, a sore that does not heal within 2 to 3 weeks may require medical attention. Such sores may appear on the lips, tongue, gums, or inside the cheeks and can be painless initially.
2. Red Or White Patches (Leukoplakia Or Erythroplakia)
- White patches (leukoplakia): Thickened white areas on the tongue or lining of the mouth.
- Red patches (erythroplakia): Bright red, soft lesions that may bleed easily.
These patches may be precancerous and should be examined by a medical professional.
3. Lumps Or Thickened Areas
A persistent lump or thickened patch in the mouth, jaw, or neck may be an early indication of a possible issue. Although not all lumps are serious, any that remain should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.
4. Difficulty In Swallowing Or Chewing
Difficulty or pain while swallowing or chewing may suggest an underlying problem in the oral cavity or throat. This may also be accompanied by a sensation of something stuck in the throat or changes in voice.
5. Unexplained Bleeding
Bleeding from the mouth or gums without any visible injury, particularly if it recurs, may require medical evaluation.
6. Loose Teeth Or Poorly Fitting Dentures
If teeth become loose without a clear dental cause, or dentures suddenly stop fitting properly, it may indicate changes in the underlying tissues or bone. Dentists may notice such signs during routine check-ups.
7. Persistent Sore Throat Or Hoarseness
A sore throat or voice change lasting more than 2 weeks may suggest an underlying issue in the throat or larynx and should be assessed by a doctor.
8. Numbness Or Loss Of Sensation
Unexplained numbness, tingling, or loss of sensation in the lips, chin, or tongue may be linked to nerve involvement and should be examined by a healthcare professional.
9. Ear Pain Without Infection
Pain in one or both ears without other symptoms of ear infection may sometimes occur when the problem is related to the mouth or throat. Persistent pain should not be ignored.
10. Unexplained Weight Loss And Fatigue
Ongoing fatigue, loss of appetite, or unintentional weight loss may be associated with various health conditions, including mouth cancer.
Risk Factors For Mouth Cancer
The following factors may increase the risk of mouth cancer:
- Tobacco use, including smoking and chewing tobacco.
- Excessive alcohol consumption.
- HPV infection (Human Papillomavirus).
- Chronic irritation from sharp teeth, dentures, or mouth injuries.
- Poor oral hygiene.
- Family history of cancer.
Avoiding or managing these risk factors and going for regular oral screenings may help lower the likelihood of developing mouth cancer.
Diagnosis And Treatment
Diagnosis may involve a physical examination, imaging tests such as CT or MRI scans, and a biopsy to identify abnormal cells.
Treatment may vary depending on the stage and location of the tumour and can include:
- Surgery: To remove affected tissue.
- Radiation Therapy: To target abnormal cells.
- Chemotherapy: For advanced or widespread conditions.
- Targeted Therapy: To act on specific cancer cell properties.
Facilities like Onco-Life Cancer Centre, one of the leading cancer hospitals in Chiplun, provide comprehensive and advanced treatment options for mouth cancer, including radiation oncology, surgical interventions, and chemotherapy, ensuring patients receive expert and compassionate care.
Preventive Measures And Self-Care Tips
Certain lifestyle choices may help reduce the risk of mouth cancer:
- Avoid tobacco and alcohol use.
- Maintain good oral hygiene by brushing, flossing, and visiting the dentist regularly.
- Eat a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and antioxidants.
- Use a lip balm with SPF to protect against UV exposure.
- Get vaccinated against HPV if eligible.
- Go for regular oral cancer screenings, particularly if you are over 40 or at risk.
Conclusion
Mouth cancer may develop gradually and may not show obvious symptoms in the beginning. Recognising early signs and consulting a healthcare professional promptly may help in managing the condition more effectively.
If you notice persistent mouth sores, unusual patches, or unexplained discomfort, consider visiting a medical specialist at Onco-Life Hospitals for evaluation. Awareness and timely action may together make a significant difference in improving oral health and overall well-being.